RESUMEN
Introducci贸n: El metabolismo de los l铆pidos se altera tempranamente en la enfermedad por quemaduras. El colesterol total es un indicador bioqu铆mico del estado nutricional que podr铆a aportar informaci贸n sobre la evoluci贸n.
Objetivo: Determinar el estado del colesterol total y su tendencia durante la evoluci贸n del paciente quemado.
M茅todos: Fue dise帽ado un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo en 50 pacientes con quemaduras clasificados desde Grave hasta Cr铆tico Extremo, sin otro trauma ni antecedente de enfermedad, tratados en el Hospital Cl铆nico Quir煤rgico 鈥淗ermanos Ameijeiras鈥 seg煤n los protocolos establecidos. El nivel de colesterol total en sangre se determin贸 sistem谩ticamente despu茅s de la reanimaci贸n y hasta la sexta semana y se observ贸 su tendencia evolutiva. Se dise帽aron dos grupos utilizando como punto de corte 30 porciento de superficie quemada. Tambi茅n se analizaron seg煤n las posibilidades de sobrevida, presencia de complicaciones mayores y la condici贸n al egreso. Los datos fueron resumidos seg煤n el tipo de variable y para sus asociaciones se aplicaron los test estad铆sticos pertinentes con un nivel de significaci贸n de 0,05.
Resultados: La hipocolesterolemia fue frecuente. La mayor extensi贸n y el peor pron贸stico se asociaron a cifras de colesterol total significativamente m谩s bajas y a una tendencia a empeorar; esta 煤ltima tambi茅n se asoci贸 significativamente a la aparici贸n de complicaciones mayores y al fallecimiento.
Conclusiones: La enfermedad por quemaduras produce hipocolesterolemia secundaria al trauma y que se asocia con la mayor extensi贸n, el peor pron贸stico, la presencia de complicaciones y la mortalidad. El colesterol total pudiera ser un indicador de pron贸stico en los quemados.
Palabra clave: colesterol total; quemadura; hipocolesterolemia.
聽
ABSTRACT
Introduction: In burn disease, lipid metabolism is altered early. Total cholesterol is a biochemical indicator of nutritional status that could provide information on evolution.
Objective: To determine the state of total cholesterol and its tendency during the evolution of the burned patient.
Methods: A descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study was designed with 50 patients with burns classified from severe to extreme critical, with no other trauma or history of disease, treated at Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical-Surgical Hospital and according to the established protocols. Total cholesterol level in blood was systematically determined after resuscitation and up to the sixth week, while such evolutionary trend was observed. Two groups were designed using 30 percent burned surface as a cut-off point. They were also analyzed according to chances of survival, the presence of major complications, and the condition at discharge. The data were summarized according to type of variable and relevant statistical tests were applied for their associations with a significance level of 0.05.
Results: Hypocholesterolemia was frequent. The longest extension and the worst prognosis were associated with significantly lower total cholesterol levels and a tendency to worsen; the latter was also significantly associated with the onset of major complications and death.
Conclusions: Burn disease produces hypocholesterolemia secondary to trauma and is associated with greatest extension, worst prognosis, onset of complications, and mortality. Total cholesterol could be a prognostic indicator in burns.
Keywords: total cholesterol; burn; hypercholesterolemia.