Caracterización de pacientes sintomáticos con cáncer de próstata metastásico y con resistencia a la castración.
Resumen
Introducción: Entre el 15-25 % de los pacientes con cáncer de próstata desarrolla una resistencia a la castración hormonal en los primeros 5 años del diagnóstico; de estos, más del 80 % presenta enfermedad metastásica.
Objetivo: Caracterizar la evolución clÃnica, el tratamiento y la supervivencia global, la respuesta clÃnica y bioquÃmica de los pacientes con cáncer de próstata metastásico y resistencia a la castración hormonal.
Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo de una muestra de 137 pacientes sintomáticos, metastásicos y con resistencia a la castración hormonal, tratados en el Hospital ClÃnico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras, entre el 2006 y el 2015. Se estimó la supervivencia global y el tiempo de progresión clÃnica y bioquÃmica, según un IC asociado al 95 % mediante el estimador de Kaplan-Meier.
Resultados: La media de edad fue de 63 años y el 81,4 % tenÃa metástasis óseas. La media de tiempo de inicio de la quimioterapia fue 1,5 años menor en los pacientes con Ãndice de Gleason ≥8 en la biopsia (p= 0,02), y PSA inicial > 20 ng/mL. La mediana de supervivencia global fue de 13,2 meses y fue superior en los que recibieron quimioterapia con docetaxel-prednisona-nimotuzumab (19,2 meses).
Conclusiones: Este estudio permitió evidenciar el beneficio de la quimioterapia en la supervivencia global, el control del dolor y el tiempo de recurrencia clÃnica y bioquÃmica. Los resultados obtenidos del llamado "mundo real" pueden contribuir a la identificación de biomarcadores e introducción de nuevos fármacos como el nimotuzumab en futuros estudios clÃnicos.
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