What a doctor should know about artificial intelligence

Authors

Keywords:

artificial intelligence; medicine, machine learning.

Abstract

Introduction: Artificial intelligence is the scientific discipline that focuses on creating computer programs that perform operations comparable to those performed by the human mind. It can be used to analyze large amounts of data in real time during surgical procedures.

Objective: To provide an update on what a doctor should know about Artificial Intelligence.

Methods: A single-topic literature review was conducted through a bibliographic search of the PubMed and LILACS databases. The criteria were based on the MeSH and DeCS descriptors used through different combinations of words and logical operators. The filters used were the year of publication (last five years), the publications were in English and Spanish, open access, and the publications were conducted in humans. The search results were compiled in an Excel logical matrix. They were organized according to the research requirements.

Results: A total of 1 237 articles from the last five years were found; 1 224 with full text; 35 systematic reviews, all involving humans; three written in french; and only five related to the research topic.

Conclusions: Doctors should have some knowledge of Artificial intelligence, as it helps to perform effective and personalized techniques, which leads to greater patient safety, better resource management, and better overall results; however, the role of doctors is crucial because human supervision is essential in complex situations, as well as in decision-making.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Idoris Cordero Escobar, Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras

Profesora Principal Servicio Anestesiologia y Reanimación

References

1. Diccionario de la Real Academia de la Lengua Española. 2024. [acceso 03/04/2025]. Disponible https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=es.rae.dle

2. Kambale M, Yadhev S. Aplicaciones de la inteligencia artificial en anestesia: una revisión sistemática. Saudí J Anaesth 2024 [acceso 05/01/2025]; 18 (2): 249–256. doi: 10.4103/sja.sja_955_23 .

3. Hashimoto DA, Witkowski E, Gao L, Meireles O, Rosman G. Artificial Intelligence in Anesthesiology: Current Techniques, Clinical Applications, and Limitations. Anesthesiology 2020;132(2):379-394. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002960.

4. Meyer JU, Kullik G, Wruck N, Kück K, Manigel J. Advanced technologies and devices for inhalational anesthetic drug dosing. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2008:451–70. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-74806-9_21. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

5. Bellini V, Valente M, Gaddi AV, Pelosi P, Bignami E. Artificial intelligence and telemedicine in anesthesia: potential and problems. Minerva Anestesiol. 2022; [acceso 02/05/25];25(10),e304-e309.88(9):729-734. doi: 10.23736/S0375-9393.21.16241-8. Epub 2022 Feb 14. PMID: 35164492.

6. Xie BH, Li TT, Ma FT, Li QJ, Xiao QX, Xiong LL, Liu F. Artificial intelligence in anesthesiology: a bibliometric analysis. Perioper Med (Lond). 2024 Dec 23;13(1):121. doi: 10.1186/s13741-024-00480-x. PMID: 39716340; PMCID: PMC11668081.

7. Pinsky MR, Bedoya A, Bihorac A, Celi L, Churpek M, Economou-Zavlanos NJ. Use of artificial intelligence in critical care: opportunities and obstacles. Crit Care. 2024:8;28(1):113. doi: 10.1186/s13054-024-04860-z. PMID: 38589940; PMCID: PMC11000355.

8. Carrillo-Esper R. Inteligencia artificial en anestesiología. Revista Mexicana de Anestesiología 2024;47( 2): 69-70. doi: 10.35366/115310

9. ASA. Declaraciones y parámetros de práctica. Sociedad Estadounidense de Anestesiólogos. 2025. [acceso 05/05/2025]. Disponible https://www.asahq.org/standards-and-practice-parameters

10. Wang Y, Li N, Chen L, Wu Y Zhang S, Dai Z, Zhang Y, Clarke M. Guidelines, Consensus Statements, and Standards for the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res. 2023:22; 25:e 46089. doi: 10.2196/46089. PMID: 37991819; PMCID: PMC10701655.

11. Sarkar C, Das B, Rawat VS, Wahlang JB, Nongpiur A, Tiewsoh I, Lyngdoh NM, Das D, Bidarolli M, Sony HT. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Technology Driven Modern Drug Discovery and Development. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(3):2026. doi: 10.3390/ijms24032026. PMID: 36768346; PMCID: PMC9916967.

12. Mika S, Gola W, Gil-Mika M, Wilk M, Misiołek H. Artificial Intelligence-Supported Ultrasonography in Anesthesiology: Evaluation of a Patient in the Operating Theatre. J Pers Med. 2024:15;14(3):310. doi: 10.3390/jpm14030310. PMID: 38541052; PMCID: PMC10970942.

13. Shieh JS, Fan SZ, Chang LW, Liu CC. Monitorización jerárquica basada en reglas y control de lógica difusa para bloqueos neuromusculares. J Clin Monit Comput. 2000;16:583–92. doi: 10.1023/a:1012212516100.

14. .Hu YJ, Ku TH, Jan RH, Wang K, Tseng YC, Yang SF. Aprendizaje basado en árboles de decisión para predecir el consumo y reajuste de analgesia controlada por el paciente. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2012;12:131. doi: 10.1186/1472-6947-12-131.

15. OPS. «La Asamblea Mundial de la Salud elige al Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus nuevo Director General de la OMS». Organización Mundial de la Salud. 23 de mayo de 2017. Consultado el 11 de julio de 2017. Disponible: https://www.paho.org/es/noticias/23-5-2017-asamblea-mundial-salud-eligio-tedros-adhanom-ghebreyesus-como-nuevo-director.

16. «Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, nuevo director general de la OMS – Sociedad Española de Cirugía Cardiovascular y Endovascular». Consultado el 7 de mayo de 2020.

17. «Ethiopia's Tedros Adhanom: 10 top facts about Africa's WHO candidate» (en inglés). Africa News. 22 de mayo de 2017. Consultado el 11 de julio de 2017

18. WHO. We can end poverty. Noticias sobre los objetivos de ddesarrollo del milenio. [Internet]. Editor WHO. Fecha de publicación 2015. Fecha de citación: 111225. Disponible en: https://www-unorg.translate.goog/millenniumgoals/?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=es&_x_tr_hl=es&_x_tr_pto=tc

19. Pharmabiz. [Internet]. Cambios en la adquisición de medicamentos. Fecha de publicación 2025. Fecha de citación: 11/12/25. Disponible en: https://www.pharmabiz.net/sss-cambios-en-la-adquisicion-de-medicamentos/.

20. Vatican news. [Internet]. Tecnologías bien utilizadas pueden dar buenos frutos. Fecha de publicación. 2017-2025 Dicasterium pro Communicatione. Disponible en: https://www.vaticannews.va/es/papa/news/2020-02/papa-pontificia-academia-vida-palabra-tradicion-ayuden-interpret.html.

21. Vatican news. [Internet]. Cumbre del G7. " Inteligencia artificial y sana política" Fecha de publicación Junio 2024. Fecha de citación: 11/12/25. Disponible en: https://www.vaticannews.va/es/papa/news/2024-06/papa-intervencion-g7-inteligencia-artificial-paz-junio-24.html

22. Vatican news. [Internet]. https://mondonedoferrol.org/inteligencia-artificial-y-paz-mensaje-del-papa-para-la-jornada-mundial-de-la-paz-2024/

23. Cascella M, Innamorato MA, Simonini A. Recent Advances and Perspectives in Anesthesiology: Towards Artificial Intelligence-Based Applications. J Clin Med. 2024 Jul 24;13(15):4316. doi: 10.3390/jcm13154316. PMID: 39124584; PMCID: PMC11312484.

24. Paiste HJ, Godwin RC, Smith AD, Berkowitz DE, Melvin RL. Strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-threats analysis of artificial intelligence in anesthesiology and perioperative medicine. Front Digit Health. 2024; 20/(6):1316-931. doi: 10.3389/fdgth.2024.1316931. PMID: 38444721; PMCID: PMC10912557.

25. Niu PH, Zhao LL, Wu HL, Zhao DB, Chen YT. Artificial intelligence in gastric cancer: Application and future perspectives. World J Gastroenterol.2020:28;26(36):5408-5419. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i36.5408. PMID: 33024393; PMCID:PMC7520602.

26. Yoon HK, Yang HL, Jung CW, Lee HC. Artificial intelligence in perioperative medicine: a narrative review. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2022; 75(3):202-215. doi: 10.4097/kja.22157. Epub 2022 Mar 29. PMID: 35345305; PMCID: PMC9171545.

27. Choudhary N, Gupta A, Gupta N. Artificial intelligence and robotics in regional anesthesia. World J Methodol. 2024;20;14(4):95762. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v14.i4.95762. PMID: 39712560; PMCID: PMC11287539.

28. Pammi M, Aghaeepour N, Neu J. Multiomics, artificial intelligence, and precision medicine in perinatology. Pediatr Res. 2023 Jan;93(2):308-315. doi: 10.1038/s41390-022-02181-x. Epub 2022 Jul 8. PMID: 35804156.

29. Lopes S, Rocha G, Guimarães-Pereira L. Artificial intelligence and its clinical application in Anesthesiology: a systematic review. J Clin Monit Comput 2024;38(2):247-259. doi: 10.1007/s10877-023-01088-0. Epub 2023 Oct 21.

30. Shimada K, Inokuchi R, Ohigachi T, Iwagami M, Tanaka M,Gosho M. Artificial intelligence-assisted interventions for perioperative anesthetic management: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Anesthesiol. 2024; 24(1):306. doi: 10.1186/s12871-024-02699-z.

Published

2026-09-22

How to Cite

1.
Cordero Escobar I. What a doctor should know about artificial intelligence. Acta Médica [Internet]. 2026 Sep. 22 [cited 2026 Sep. 23];27. Available from: https://revactamedica.sld.cu/index.php/act/article/view/1033

Issue

Section

Artículo de opinión