Immunohistochemical markers of microsatellite instability for the typing of colorectal cancer. Key aspects for interpretation by the pathologist
Keywords:
colorectal cancer, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2, microsatellite instability, immunohistochemistry.Abstract
Introduction: Microsatellite instability are mutations in simple repetitive sequences characterizing the DNA of tumor cells, since it leads to damages in the protein system that repairs mismatches. Detecting these affectations is at present a powerful diagnostic tool allowing to know the stage of the tumor and predicting its behavior.
Objective: To guide the pathologist in the interpretation of the Ventana Roche immunohistochemistry system for the detection of the presence or absence of expression of DNA error repair system proteins in colorectal cancer.
Methods: Ventana Roche immunohistochemical system was applied to determine the presence or absence of repair proteins MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2.
Results: A tumor with high microsatellite instability was identified as it did not express the presence of HML1 and PSM2 proteins.
Conclusions: Ventana Roche system integrates monoclonal antibodies directed against the proteins MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2. Its correct interpretation allows obtaining a more accurate classification of the colon tumor and suggests or rules out the subsequent need for genetic testing.
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