Intervención nutricional en la insuficiencia renal crónica. Nutrición parenteral intradialítica.

Abstract

Rationale. Energy Nutrient Malnutrition (ENM) is a frequent complication of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). The prevalence of ENM in this population of patients is estimated between 18 – 56%. While 33% of the ESRD patients can be
mildly or moderately malnourished, 6% can be severely affected. Thus, ENM can become a significant cause of morbidity
and mortality among these patients. ENM is associated with an increase in the hospitalization rates, a greater number of
admissions per patient per year, longer lengths of stay, and a consequently increase in hospitalization costs. There is
also an increase in complications resulting from the dialytic treatment itself,making these therapies more difficult to perform. Objective. To assess the benefits of the available nutritional support therapies for ERSD-patients, with emphasis on Intradialytic Parenteral Nutrition (NPID), to establish the fundamentals for treating and preventing ENM in ESRD-patients, and to assess the costs of each particular treatment. Material and Methods. The most important aspects of malnutrition in ESRD-patients were reviewed, as well as the nutritional recommendations suggested by leading investigators in the field over the last 5 years, and the main forms of nutritional support therapies. Conclusions. NPID is a treatment with well-defined indications, high costs, and positive outcomes in the nutritional therapy of the ESRD patients on dialysis.