Balance metabólico nutricional en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica

Abstract

A prospective investigation of the nutritional and metabolic balances of 8 male patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) during dialytic treatment was performed. The patients were exposed during 12 weeks to a dietetic intervention consisting of: 1) recording the consumption of foods and 2) a menu tailored to meet the needs of the patient during the 3 days of dialysis. The diet was planned according with the criteria set forth by both the XV Food Guidelines of the American Association of Nephrology and the FAO/WHO Experts Committee on Proteins. The following variables were measured: serum Albumin, Haemoglobin, Bicarbonate, Ionogram, Creatinine, Urea, Uric acid. The Body Mass Index (BMI) was also calculated, and the diameter of the cava vein was estimated by ultrasonographic means. Data proccessing was performed taking into account the
normality of the measured variables, their distributions and means. t-Student test was applied in the case of independent
variables, along with stepwise regression analysis for selected variables. Results. The results showed a significant association between Haemoglobin and Albumin on one hand, and nitrogen intake and their changes in the days of dialysis during the intervention period (p < 0.05, t-Student test for independent variables). No patient showed any complication during the period of the study. Intakes of nitrogen, histidine, leucine, isoleucine and methionine were controlled. Conclusions. It is concluded the importance of the use of the diets made from natural foods for the nutritional support of the ESRD patient with an specific catabolic pattern in view of their low cost, feasibility, and capability to increase the metabolic efficiency of the patient.