Retinal vascular changes in patients with essential arterial hypertension
Keywords:
electrophysiological tests of visión, retinal angiography, hypertensive retinopathyAbstract
Introduction: Arterial hypertension is one of the health problems in our country ad of contemporary medicine. It causes myocardial infarctions, strokes and retinal alterations.
Objective: To describe changes to the retinal vascular system in patients with mild and moderate essential hypertension through the alterations of the eye fundus, electrophysiological tests response, and the behavior of circulatory dynamics by angiography.
Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study of eye vascular manifestations was performed in 90 patients of both sexes, aged 15-50 years.
Results: 94.4% of the patients presented alterations, according to the studies performed, the electrophysiological tests being the most affected (76.6%). The most frequent alteration in the eye fundus was the generalized arteriolar narrowing. The most frequent alteration in the circulatory dynamics was the decrease in the filling velocity.
Conclusions: Most of the patients studied had vascular changes to the retina. Electrophysiological tests proved to be the most sensitive to these changes. Patients with no ophthalmoscopic changes who presented electrophysiological changes were at an early stage of the disease.
Downloads
References
Henderson AD, Bruce BB, Newman NJ, Biousse V. Hypertension-related eye abnormalities and the risk of stroke. Rev Neurol Dis. 2011;8(1-2):1-9.
Jinman Zhang, Qin Huang, Minbin Yu, Xueping Cha, Jun Li, Yuansheng Yuan, et al. Prevalence, awareness, medication, control, and risk factors associated with hypertension in Bai Ethnic Group in rural China: The Yunnan Minority Eye Study. PLOS ONE. 2013 August;8(8):e70886.
Joint National Committe on detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure. The seven report of the JNC. Arch Int Med. 2002.
Cuba. Ministerio de Salud Pública. Morbilidad. En: Anuario estadístico de Salud 2014. La Habana: Dirección Nacional de Estadística; 2015. p. 94.
Quesada Vargas O. Controversias en medicina # 1. Las nuevas guías de hipertensión. En: Actualización Médica Periódica. 2014 mayo;156.
Bhargava M, Ikram MK, Wong TY. How does hypertension affect your eyes? Journal of Human Hypertension. 2012;26:71-83.
Cheung CY, Ikram MK, Sabanayagam C, Wong TY. Retinal microvasculature as a model to study the manifestations of hypertension. Hypertension. 2012;60:1094-1103.
Fishman GA. Components and origins of the electroretinogram. Chapter 1. The electroretinogram. En: Fishman GA, Birch DG, Holder GE, Brigell MG. Electrophysiologic testing in disorders of the retina, optic nerve, and visual pathway. Ophthalmology monograph. 2nd ed. San Francisco Ca: American Academy of Ophthalmology; 2001.
González Díaz RE, Angiografía con verde de indiocianina. Capítulo 37. En: Río Torres M, Capote Cabrera A, Hernández Silva JR, Eguías Martínez F, Padilla Gonzállez CM. Oftalmología. Criterios y tendencias actuales. La Habana: Editorial Ciencias Médicas; 2009.
Marmor MF, Fulton AB, Holder GE, Miyake Y, Brigell M, Bach M (for the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision). ISCEV Standard for full-field clinical electroretinography. Doc Ophthalmol. 2009;118:69-77.
Fletcher EL, Phipps JA, Ward MM, Vessey KA, Wilkinson-Berka JL. The renin-angiotensin system in retinal health and disease: Its influence on neurons, glia and the vasculature. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2010;29:284-311. [PubMed].
Yonemura D, Kawasaki K. Electrophisiological study on activities of neuronal and non neuronal retinal elements in man with referente to its clinical application. Jpn J Ophthalmol 1978;22:195-213.
Bellini G, Bocin E, Cosenzi A, Sacerdote A, Molino R, Solimano N, et al. Oscillatory potentials of the electroretinogram in hypertensive patients. Hypertension. 1995;25:839-41.
Rivalico G, Rinaldi G, Solimano N, Bellini G, Cosenzi A, Sacerdote A, et al. Oscillatory potentials in subjects with treated hypertension. Ophthalmologica. 1995;209:187-9.
Cáceres M, Cáceres Ó, Cordiés L. Hipertensión arterial y retinopatía hipertensiva. Su comportamiento en un área de salud. Rev Cubana Med. 2000;39(4).
Negretto AD, Marques Rosa AA, Nakashima AA, Ortega KC, Júnior DM, Oyamada KM, et al. Avaliação da retinopatia hipertensiva através do potencial oscilatório do eletrorretinograma. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2008;71(1):38-42.
Talks SI, Good P, Clough CG, Beevers DG, Dodson PM. The acute and long-term ocular effects of accelerated hypertension: A clinical and electrophysiological study. Eye. 1996;10:3.
Coleman K, Fitzgerald D, Eustace P, Bouchier-Hayes D. Electroretinopathy retinal ischaemia and carotid artery disease. Eur J Vasc Surg. 1990;4:569-73.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Aquellos autores/as que tengan publicaciones con esta revista, aceptan los términos siguientes:
- Los autores/as conservarán sus derechos de autor y garantizarán a la revista el derecho de primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la Licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores/as podrán adoptar otros acuerdos de licencia no exclusiva de distribución de la versión de la obra publicada (p. ej.: depositarla en un archivo telemático institucional o publicarla en un volumen monográfico) siempre que se indique la publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y recomienda a los autores/as difundir su obra a través de Internet (p. ej.: en archivos telemáticos institucionales o en su página web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, lo cual puede producir intercambios interesantes y aumentar las citas de la obra publicada. (Véase El efecto del acceso abierto).
