Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Patients with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Keywords:
Keywords, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, GIST, epidemiology, mesenchyme, interstitial cells of Cajal, CD117, c-kit protein.Abstract
Introduction: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are tumors with a very low incidence. In Cuba, there is a protocol for their diagnosis and treatment. Yet few publications have been made about this disease at the national level.
Objective: To describe the clinical and histopathological characteristics of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) in Cuba.
Methods: A retrospective and observational study was carried out in 354 patients with a diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors treated at Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical-Surgical Hospital between 2003 and 2020. The chi-square method was used for the association of variables, with P<0.05. Overall survival was evaluated.
Results: 96.9% of the patients were positive for CD117. There was a predominance of patients older than 50 years, of white skin, female sex, and in early stages of the disease. The most frequently observed form of presentation was abdominal pain, accounting for 37.1%, together with the gastric location. The median tumor size was ten centimeters. In nonmetastatic stages, according to different classifications, high-risk patients predominated, mainly for nongastric locations (P<0.05). The liver and peritoneum were the most frequently observed metastatic sites. Surgery was performed in 89.5% of the patients, although the compromised resection and tumor rupture margins were observed in 22.3% and 16.4% of patients, respectively. 70.1% of all patients received treatment with imatinib. The volume of new patients and their overall survival increased gradually. Median survival has not yet been reached, at least within the last two triennia.
Conclusions: This constitutes the most complete report of the epidemiological, clinical and histopathological characteristics of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors in Cuba, in the context of a national protocol.
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