Characterization of Patients with Pneumonia Associated with Invasive Mechanical Ventilation

Abstract

Introduction: Pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation is the most frequent infectious complication in patients treated in Intensive Care Units. Approximately 30-70 % of deaths that occur in critically ill patients are associated with this complication.

Objectives: To describe the clinical-epidemiological behavior of patients with pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit, at Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital, from November 2018 to December 2019.

Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 57 patients with clinical, radiological and / or microbiological diagnosis of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation. The variables measured were age, sex, time of diagnosis of pneumonia after mechanical ventilation, etiological microorganism and its form of isolation, state of the patient at discharge.

Results: Patients older than 60 years (57.9 %), without gender differences, predominated, 28 males and 29 females. 78.9 % of the patients had early pneumonia. Aspiration of secretions was the main form of isolation of the microorganism (45.6 %), Staphylococus aureus was the most common etiological agent (26 %). 80.7 % were discharged alive, only 19.3 % of the cases died.

Conclusions: Early pneumonia was the most frequent clinical form. Aspiration of secretions was the main form of isolation of the etiological microorganism of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation. Staphylococus aureus was the most common. The alive state of the patients at discharge predominated.