Insulin resistance and prediabetes, their association with carotid vascular damage
Keywords:
Prediabetes, Insulin resistance, Vascular damageAbstract
Introduction: Prediabetes is an intermediate metabolic state between healthy individuals and diabetics, with a risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance is the underlying pathophysiology, and carotid vascular damage constitutes a vascular disease.
Objective: To determine the association between insulin resistance and prediabetes with carotid vascular damage.
Methods: An observational analytical study was conducted on 1 796 patients who attended the outpatient clinic at the “Hermanos Ameijeiras” Hospital between June 2023 and June 2024. The relationship between variables of interest was evaluated using Pearson's chi-square test. To evaluate the association of each independent variable (insulin resistance and prediabetes) with carotid artery damage (dependent variable), while controlling for all other variables, a logistic regression model was fitted.
Results: Prediabetes (with insulin resistance IR 85.4% versus without insulin resistance 50.7%) was associated with a higher frequency of dyslipidemia, with insulin resistance (69.7%) compared to the non- insulin resistance (25.4%) group showing higher dyslipidemia values. The frequency of insulin resistance was higher in prediabetes and non-prediabetes (77.1% versus 39.4%; p < 0.001). Prediabetes and carotid artery damage were more prevalent in 35.1% versus 15.3% (p < 0.001). Carotid artery damage was more prevalent in 76.6% of prediabetes and Carotid artery damage in 43.8% (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed an association between prediabetes and carotid artery damage (odds ratio = 2.030, confidence index < 0.001). 95% confidence index: 1.278–3.222; p = 0.003). Carotid vascular damage was present with insulin resistance (odds ratio = 3.530, 95% confidence index: 2.132–5.845; p < 0.0001).
Conclusions: Insulin resistance is highly prevalent in dyslipidemic patients with prediabetes and carotid vascular damage. An association exists between insulin resistance, prediabetes, and carotid vascular damage.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Fidel Concepción Quero, Raúl Orlando Calderín Bouza, Susel Quesada Peña, Laura Griselle Jiménez Pérez
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